One would expect that students would begin their college
physics course somewhere on the novice side of the scale and
that after completing the course they would have become at
least somewhat more expert-like in their beliefs. The data,
however, show just the opposite. On average, students have
more novice-like beliefs after they have completed an introductory
physics course than they had when they started; this
result was found for nearly every such course measured. Further,
research shows that the effect of introductory college
chemistry courses is if anything even worse