Prion disorders are associated with the conversion of normal cellular prion protein (PrPc) to the abnormal
scrapie isoform of prion protein (PrPsc). Recent studies have shown that expression of normal PrPc is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1a), and that lactoferrin increases full-length PrPc on the cell surface. Lactoferrin
is an 80-kDa iron-binding glycoprotein with various biological activities, including iron-chelating ability. HIF-1a and the associated ubiquitin–proteasome pathway are regulated by HIF prolyl-hydroxylases 2 (PHD2). We hypothesized
that lactoferrin regulates PHD2 expression and enzymatic activity, and the PHD2 regulation promotes HIF-1a stability
and prevention of neuronal cell death mediated by prion protein (PrP) residues (106–126). Lactoferrin prevented PrP
(106–126)-induced neurotoxicity by the induction of PrPc expression via promoting HIF-1a stability in neuronal cells.
Our results demonstrated that lactoferrin prevented PrP (106–126)-induced neurotoxicity via the up-regulation of
HIF-1a stability determined by PHD2 expression and enzymatic activity. These findings suggest that possible therapies
such as PHD2 inhibition, or promotion of lactoferrin secretion, may have clinical benefits in neurodegenerative
diseases, including prion disease. 2014 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Prion disorders are associated with the conversion of normal cellular prion protein (PrPc) to the abnormalscrapie isoform of prion protein (PrPsc). Recent studies have shown that expression of normal PrPc is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1a), and that lactoferrin increases full-length PrPc on the cell surface. Lactoferrinis an 80-kDa iron-binding glycoprotein with various biological activities, including iron-chelating ability. HIF-1a and the associated ubiquitin–proteasome pathway are regulated by HIF prolyl-hydroxylases 2 (PHD2). We hypothesizedthat lactoferrin regulates PHD2 expression and enzymatic activity, and the PHD2 regulation promotes HIF-1a stabilityand prevention of neuronal cell death mediated by prion protein (PrP) residues (106–126). Lactoferrin prevented PrP(106–126)-induced neurotoxicity by the induction of PrPc expression via promoting HIF-1a stability in neuronal cells.Our results demonstrated that lactoferrin prevented PrP (106–126)-induced neurotoxicity via the up-regulation ofHIF-1a stability determined by PHD2 expression and enzymatic activity. These findings suggest that possible therapiessuch as PHD2 inhibition, or promotion of lactoferrin secretion, may have clinical benefits in neurodegenerativediseases, including prion disease. 2014 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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