and cooled to 5 °C, over next 1 ½ h. Post-sort sperm concentration was re-assessed by
hemocytometer and adjusted to 40 x 106 spermatozoa/mL. Following nanopurification, an equal
volume of egg-yolk citrate extender containing 14% glycerol were added in 3 aliquots of 20%,
30%, and 50% of the ½ volume amount. Color-coded straws were filled with 10 (10M CON,
10M UBI, 10M PNA) or 20 (20M CON) million control or nanopurified spermatozoa and