One common theory within corporate social responsibility is stakeholder theory, which suggests that the corporation has relationships with multiple constituents called stakeholders, that affect and are in Ž turn impacted by the corporation’s decisions Free. man, 1984 . Additional contributions to the theory further suggest that all stakeholders’ interests have value, and no set of interests is assumed more valuŽ. able than another Donaldson and Preston, 1995 . Stakeholder theory is relevant to the present study in that stakeholders include both suppliers and cusŽ. tomers buyers . Further, there is also overlap between stakeholder theory and the study of normative Ž. business ethics Jones and Wicks, 1999 . For example, the October 1994 issue of Business Ethics Quarterly was dedicated to stakeholder issues.