Socioeconomic Status and Beer Production
The Gamo do not distinguish between ceremonial and utilitarian serving vessels. The pitting associated with beer fermentation in Gamo society is a direct indicator of social status and economic wealth. Since poor households in Gamo do not ferment beer, the lack of pitting in the ceramic assemblage is an indicator of a household’s socioeconomic level.
Wealthier households grow more grains to make beer and can afford the large beer jars that help ferment and store their beer, therefore I expected that the wealthier households would have more beer-processing vessels than would poorer households. A chi-square test indicates a significant difference (Â2 D 6:81; df D 2; p < 0:05) between the number of beer-processing vessels with surface attrition in wealthier households compared to poorer households (Fig. 8). In addition, 41 of the 48 farmer households studied (85.4%) are in the top two wealthiest economic ranks. Only 5 of the 12 artisan (i.e., potters and hideworkers) households (42%) are in the two wealthiest economic ranks. This indicates that farmers have
more farmland and are able to grow more grains, and therefore produce more beer than poorer households.
Across the different economic ranks, jars predominate as the most common vessel form that exhibits interior surface attrition in association with household beer processing. The number of vessels exhibiting interior surface attrition from beer processing is 1.2 vessels among the wealthy and average households compared to only 0.2 vessels among the poorest households. For archaeologists, the Gamo model suggests that if a large number of households are excavated, then the amount of large jars with surface attrition may be a signature of beer processing and more importantly household wealth.
Socioeconomic Status and Beer Production The Gamo do not distinguish between ceremonial and utilitarian serving vessels. The pitting associated with beer fermentation in Gamo society is a direct indicator of social status and economic wealth. Since poor households in Gamo do not ferment beer, the lack of pitting in the ceramic assemblage is an indicator of a household’s socioeconomic level. Wealthier households grow more grains to make beer and can afford the large beer jars that help ferment and store their beer, therefore I expected that the wealthier households would have more beer-processing vessels than would poorer households. A chi-square test indicates a significant difference (Â2 D 6:81; df D 2; p < 0:05) between the number of beer-processing vessels with surface attrition in wealthier households compared to poorer households (Fig. 8). In addition, 41 of the 48 farmer households studied (85.4%) are in the top two wealthiest economic ranks. Only 5 of the 12 artisan (i.e., potters and hideworkers) households (42%) are in the two wealthiest economic ranks. This indicates that farmers havemore farmland and are able to grow more grains, and therefore produce more beer than poorer households. Across the different economic ranks, jars predominate as the most common vessel form that exhibits interior surface attrition in association with household beer processing. The number of vessels exhibiting interior surface attrition from beer processing is 1.2 vessels among the wealthy and average households compared to only 0.2 vessels among the poorest households. For archaeologists, the Gamo model suggests that if a large number of households are excavated, then the amount of large jars with surface attrition may be a signature of beer processing and more importantly household wealth.
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