With the rise of civilization people surrounded themselves with artifacts which, because of their sheer scale and longevity ,because an integral part of their environment .for today’s urban dweller the environment is dominated by the fixed structures of urban life. The natural environment has been either replaced or radically modified.
Human –environment relations have two sides to them . The first side relates to the influence of the environment on human activity . We can express this in symbols as E-h . second,human activity may alter a given environment. This reverses the order to H-E.