The physical therapy assessment measured shoulder, cervical,
and lumbar spine movement by observing if active range
of motion was within normal limits defined by McCreary,
Provance, Rodgers, and Romani (2005). Upper extremity
strength was manually tested for shoulder flexors, abductors,
internal and external rotators, biceps, and triceps by assessing
the amount of resistance that can be given to a muscle causing
a movement. Abdominal strength was not formally assessed.
The ability of each patient to contract abdominal muscles was
assessed by palpation. Upper-extremity girth measurements
were taken at 12 cm and 35 cm above the radial styloid.