Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies for Diversity
of Microalgae
Next-generation sequencing technologies have recently inspired
almost all life science studies using techniques, such
as full genome sequencing (de novo sequencing and resequencing),
amplicon sequencing, transcriptome sequencing,
and metagenomics. NGS techniques with pyrosequencing
generate much higher throughput data, by which millions to
billions of sequencing reactions take place at the same time,
in small reaction volumes (Metzker 2010; Nowrousian
2010). Table 4 summarizes the NGS technologies available
and their major features. In field sample studies, NGS technologies
are facilitating the gathering of DNA data from
both environmental DNA and PCR products amplified from
environmental DNA. These NGS applications differ from
the clone library method because they do not require the
cloning of template DNA into bacterial vectors; alternatively,
DNA templates are bound to substrates and amplified by
PCR to generate clonal representatives, and hence no cloning
bias is imposed for metagenomics (e.g., Shendure and Ji
2008; Metzker 2010). In addition, the number of sequence
reads by the NGS methods have been extremely high,
revealing a high diversity of microbes that were not detected
from clone library methods (Stoeck et al. 2010).
The development of NGS has made it possible to directly
sequence a huge number of genomic fragments extracted from
environmental samples (Rothberg and Leamon 2008), hence
making NGS a potential tool for the identification and detection
of microbes from environmental samples (Medinger et al.
2010). In 2006, Edwards et al. (2006) published, for the first
time, sequences of environmental samples generated with the
chip-based pyrosequencing developed by 454 Life Sciences.
NGS techniques have enabled the discovery of novel genes
from environmental samples for the massive characterization
of functional genes and enabled study of the metagenomic
diversity of unculturable bacteria and archaea in various
Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies for Diversity
of Microalgae
Next-generation sequencing technologies have recently inspired
almost all life science studies using techniques, such
as full genome sequencing (de novo sequencing and resequencing),
amplicon sequencing, transcriptome sequencing,
and metagenomics. NGS techniques with pyrosequencing
generate much higher throughput data, by which millions to
billions of sequencing reactions take place at the same time,
in small reaction volumes (Metzker 2010; Nowrousian
2010). Table 4 summarizes the NGS technologies available
and their major features. In field sample studies, NGS technologies
are facilitating the gathering of DNA data from
both environmental DNA and PCR products amplified from
environmental DNA. These NGS applications differ from
the clone library method because they do not require the
cloning of template DNA into bacterial vectors; alternatively,
DNA templates are bound to substrates and amplified by
PCR to generate clonal representatives, and hence no cloning
bias is imposed for metagenomics (e.g., Shendure and Ji
2008; Metzker 2010). In addition, the number of sequence
reads by the NGS methods have been extremely high,
revealing a high diversity of microbes that were not detected
from clone library methods (Stoeck et al. 2010).
The development of NGS has made it possible to directly
sequence a huge number of genomic fragments extracted from
environmental samples (Rothberg and Leamon 2008), hence
making NGS a potential tool for the identification and detection
of microbes from environmental samples (Medinger et al.
2010). In 2006, Edwards et al. (2006) published, for the first
time, sequences of environmental samples generated with the
chip-based pyrosequencing developed by 454 Life Sciences.
NGS techniques have enabled the discovery of novel genes
from environmental samples for the massive characterization
of functional genes and enabled study of the metagenomic
diversity of unculturable bacteria and archaea in various
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