The maximum coronal plane knee angle was measured. Sixteen
passive reflective markers (10 mm diameter) were attached to the
following anatomical landmarks: both anterior superior iliac spines,
apex of both iliac crests (aligned with the greater trochanter of the
femur), first sacral vertebra, prominence of the greater trochanter,
lateral and medial epicondyle of the femur, head of the fibula, anterior
aspect of mid-shank, lateral and medial malleolus, lateral aspect of the
calcaneal tuberosity, first and fifth metatarsal heads, and hallux [24]
(Fig. 1). This marker distribution was used as the 3D anatomical
position of the subject during the static standing position. This static
measurement was utilized as each subject's neutral alignment as
subsequent measurements referred to this position