The Ancient Gandhara is now that we know as northwest Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan. It was the center of the great Kusana Empire. Although the local India culture was widely spread in the Kusana Empire, Gandhara was influenced by Persian and Greek culture for several centuries. It is certain that Persian and Greek influences had already penetrated into the very heartland of India. As a result, there is no doubt that Gandhara had the greatest multi-culture influences from both East and West.