A supportive institutional and policy environment at the state and national levels can enable local adaptation. Mainstreaming these issues into policy and practice leads to holistic rather than sectoral engagement in climate change. Cities act cross-sectorally, a critical approach for dealing with climate change and disaster management. In this context, mainstreaming implies integrating awareness of future climate change impacts into existing and future policies and plans of developing countries, as well as those of multilateral organizations. At the national and regional level, mainstreaming shifts responsibility for implementing change-response strategies from single ministries or agencies dealing with climate change (such as environmental departments) to all sectors of government, civil society, academia, and the private sector13. Similarly, mainstreaming requires that the division of local-level responsibility between the separate and distinct entities of a Sustainability Office and a Disaster Management Office should be integrated for a more comprehensive strategy to reduce carbon emissions and create effective responses to disasters and the consequences of climate change.