This lack of formal training seems a main limiting factor in correct disease diagnosis and subsequent treatment, in particular when new diseases emerge, e.g. streptococcosis in tilapia (Amal and Zamri-Saad, 2011; Zhanget al., 2013a) and Early Mortality Syndrome disease (EMS) in shrimp (FAO, 2013; Tran et al., 2013).