Computed tomography scanning
Criteria necessitating a CT scan of the brain
are different for adults and children. However,
irrespective of age, the presence of any of these
criteria should serve as red flag indicators for
intracerebral bleeding.
Criteria for CT scanning in the adult includes
(NICE 2007):
GCS below 13 when first assessed, or below
15 two hours after injury.
Suspected open or depressed skull fracture or
signs of basal skull fracture.
Post-injury seizure or focal neurological
deficit.
More than one episode of vomiting.
Pre-injury amnesia of more than 30 minutes’
duration.
Age over 65 with amnesia or loss of
consciousness.
Anticoagulated patient with amnesia or loss
of consciousness.
Loss of consciousness or amnesia in
association with a dangerous mechanism
of injury, such as falls from height.
The pertinent differences in signs and
symptoms of intracerebral bleeding in infants
and young children have been highlighted and
guidelines for CT scanning in children include
(NICE 2007):
Witnessed loss of consciousness of more than
five minutes’ duration.
Anterograde or retrograde amnesia of more
than five minutes’ duration.
Abnormal drowsiness.
Post-injury seizure with no history of epilepsy.
Evidence of basal skull fracture.
Suspicion of abusive injury.
Three or more separate episodes of vomiting
within four hours of injury.
Infant younger than 12 months with GCS
below 15 on assessment.
Child 12 months to 16 years with GCS
below 14 on assessment.
Tense fontanelle or suspicion of open or
depressed fracture.
Infant with bruise, swelling or laceration
bigger than 5cm on the head.
Dangerous mechanism of injury.
NICE (2007) guidelines acknowledge that
access to CT scanning may be problematic,
particularly during evenings and at weekends,
and state that skull X-rays may play a part
Computed tomography scanningCriteria necessitating a CT scan of the brainare different for adults and children. However,irrespective of age, the presence of any of thesecriteria should serve as red flag indicators forintracerebral bleeding.Criteria for CT scanning in the adult includes(NICE 2007):GCS below 13 when first assessed, or below15 two hours after injury.Suspected open or depressed skull fracture orsigns of basal skull fracture.Post-injury seizure or focal neurologicaldeficit.More than one episode of vomiting.Pre-injury amnesia of more than 30 minutes’duration.Age over 65 with amnesia or loss ofconsciousness.Anticoagulated patient with amnesia or lossof consciousness.Loss of consciousness or amnesia inassociation with a dangerous mechanismof injury, such as falls from height.The pertinent differences in signs andsymptoms of intracerebral bleeding in infantsand young children have been highlighted andguidelines for CT scanning in children include(NICE 2007):Witnessed loss of consciousness of more thanfive minutes’ duration.Anterograde or retrograde amnesia of morethan five minutes’ duration.Abnormal drowsiness.Post-injury seizure with no history of epilepsy.Evidence of basal skull fracture.Suspicion of abusive injury.Three or more separate episodes of vomitingwithin four hours of injury.Infant younger than 12 months with GCSbelow 15 on assessment.Child 12 months to 16 years with GCSbelow 14 on assessment.Tense fontanelle or suspicion of open ordepressed fracture.Infant with bruise, swelling or lacerationbigger than 5cm on the head.Dangerous mechanism of injury.NICE (2007) guidelines acknowledge thataccess to CT scanning may be problematic,particularly during evenings and at weekends,and state that skull X-rays may play a part
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