3. Application of pile driving resistance. In the past, the pile capacity was estimated based on
the driving resistance during the installation of the pile. Pile driving equations, such as the
Engineering News Formula (Wellington, 1888), were developed that related the pile capacity to theenergy of the pile driving hammer and the average net penetration of the pile per blow of the pile
hammer. But studies have shown that there is no satisfactory relationship between the pile capacity
from pile driving equations as compared to the pile capacity measured from load tests. Based on
these studies, it has been concluded that use of pile driving equations are no longer justified
(Terzaghi and Peck, 1967)