When studying group learning processes, three general categories of measures can be employed: (1) the process or action of a group (direct process measures),
(2) a state or a point in time of a group (indirect process measure), and (3) an outcome or performance of a group (indirect non-process measure). Direct process
measures are techniques that directly capture the process of a group. These measures are continuous in nature and capture data across time by recording the
sound and sight of the group interactions. Examples of these measures include recording the spoken language, written language, and visible interactions.
These recording can be video or audio recordings, as well as observation notes.