Hypotheses Testing
Multiple regression analysis is used for analyzing linear models with control variables (Cohen, et al.
2003). To lessen the problems associated with multicollinearity, all control variables were standardized
(z-scored) prior to analysis (Tabachnick and Fidell 1996). Collinearity diagnostics indicated that the
regression estimates were not affected by multicollinearity, and VIF values were less than the threshold
value of 5.0 (Kline 2005). The regression assumptions of normality, linearity, and homoscedasticity were
reasonable (Sheeham and Cooper 2011). Test for mediation and moderation are presented next.
Results
To begin with, we first present results for four independent linear regression models in the Table 3.