Results
Descriptive statistics indicated that means for the 31 item ranged from 2.25 to
5.15 and standard deviation ranged from .88 to 1.49. The values of skewness and kurtosis of all observed variables in both the validation and calibration samples were lower than 3.75, which is accepted for the assumption of multivariate normality (Tabachnick and Fidell, 1996). Therefore, this data is suitable for the CFA in the analysis.