Invasive methods provide rapid
induction of hypothermia and are
very efficient at cooling target organs.
One method involves administration
of large volumes of ice-cold (39.2° F
[4° C]) I.V. fluids such as 0.9%
sodium chloride solution, lactated
Ringer’s solution, and albumin. The
typical infusion is 30 to 40 mL of
fluid per kilogram of body weight
over 30 to 60 minutes. Large volumes
of intravascular fluids are contraindicated in patients with pulmonary
edema or chronic renal failure