Absorbance was measured at 510 and 700 nm using the microplate reader at 25 C. The standard used was cyaniding-3-glucoside equivalents (CGE) prepared by using the buffers. Data were expressed
as mmol cyaniding-3-glucoside equivalents per gram dry basis (mmol CGE/g DW). Experiments were carried out in five replicates.The absorbance of each sample was calculated using the
following equation: