Case-study research methodology has been highly recommended by many researchers as an ideal tool for improving conceptual and descriptive understanding of complex phenomena. The case-study method also offers many benefits, such as the ability to directly observe causality, and combine evidence and logic to build, develop, or support theories that are not available using other research methods. In contrast to survey research formats, it allows for more meaningful follow-up questions to be asked and answered, and can result in more extensive findings and insights that are valid, generalizable, and rigorous.