The literature review focuses on the three research questions mentioned above. The first question deals with TOEFL iBT rating scale which is divided into 6 levels, ranging from level 0 – level 5 (Weigle and Friginal, 2015). This varying range of band scores determines students’ levels of writing ability. The second question describes each move in research papers including the introduction, method, results, discussion, and abstract sections. Moves are defined as steps or sequences with functions to communicate a particular message in texts (Swales, 1990). The moves appeared in each research section are based on Swales’ (2004) and Pho’s (2008b) move-step analysis. The third question is related to students’ opinions toward writing each section of the research papers. The questions used in the questionnnaire pertain to five main components: moves, linguistic exponents and structures, contents, summary and paraphrase, and cohesion and coherence. The ideas in the questionnaire derived from Urbach (2014) and Weissberg and Buker (2005).