The requirement for longer
treatment time, compared to manufacturer recommended time
(5 min versus 2 min, respectively), to inactivate C. perfringens
spores is in agreement with previous studies where 100e500 ppm
iodophore showed only limited sporicidal activity against Bacillus
spores with the exposure time of 12e240 min (Cords et al., 2005;
Cousins and Allan, 1967)