The mean dietary exposure estimates for children aged about 1–4 years ranged from 0.03 to 9 µg/kg bw per day and for adults from 0.02 to 3 µg/kg bw per day. The higher end of the exposure range for children was deemed by the Committee to be a concern, as it was higher than the level of 1.9 µg/kg bw per day calculated by the Committee to be associated with a population decrease of 3 IQ points. For adults, the higher end of the exposure range, a population increase of approximately 2 mmHg (0.3 kPa) in systolic blood pressure would be expected to occur. An increase of this magnitude had been associated, in a large meta-analysis, with modest increases in the risks of ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular stroke. The Committee considered the expected effects in children of more concern than the effects in adults. The Committee stressed that other (than dietary) sources of exposure to lead needed also to be considered. Also, The Committee concluded that, in populations with prolonged dietary exposures to lead that are at the higher end of the ranges identified above, measures should be taken to identify major contributing sources and foods and, if appropriate, to identify methods of reducing dietary exposure that are commensurate with the level of risk reduction