Becker and Carper (1956) studied
commitment, mainly in professions and found
that professional organizations develop
commitment to their values by a lengthy
socialization period and that adequate
attention has not been paid to the
development of OC. Festinger (1957)
predicted that by and large persons who have
a central life interest in work (CLI) will show a
higher level of OC than those who have a CLI
away from work. CLI is a person’s expressed
performance for doing their activities in a given
organizational setting. Turner and Killian
(1957) after studying the function that
communion processes serve for group
cohesion observed that a social movement
must weld members into a group creating a
strong in-group sense and eagerness for
fellowship of the movement, which in turn
provides them determination to continue in the
face of obstacles.