The bottling syrup contains all the ingredients of the finished product except
in the case of carbonated drinks the carbon dioxide and most of the water. Sugar
in the form of syrup is the first ingredient to be added to the mixing tank; the
amount added is controlled by means of a metering pump. If the sugar is delivered
in granulated form, there is the additional step of dissolving the sugar and producing
a syrup. Fruit juices should be kept in a separate tank prior to their addition to
the mixing tank. The addition of the other ingredients (CCP2) should be conducted
according to the suppliers’ specifications, taking into account their behavior in
the presence of the other ingredients already added to the batch and the maximum
limits set by the aforementioned Directives. Because of the synthetic additives
potential toxicity, accurate and reliable methods are required for their determination
in order to ensure food safety. Many analytical techniques have been employed
for the simultaneous determination of various food additives such as capillary
electrophoresis (CA) (81,82), high-performance ion chromatography (HPIC)
(83), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEC) (84), and cyclodextrin modified
electrophoresis (85). Once the bottling syrup is prepared, it may be necessary
to filter (CCP3) or pasteurize it before pumping it down to storage tanks (CCP4)
or directly to the filling line (68). Each batch of bottling syrup should undergo
thorough quality control tests before being released. The bare minimum consists
of a taste test, making up the syrup as in the finished product, measurement of
the Brix, and detection of yeasts (14).
Carbonation (CCP5)
Most beverages are carbonated in a range of 1.5–4 volumes. This is carried
out with carbonators of various designs where carbonation is speeded by providing
intimate contact between the liquid and the CO2 gas. The liquid is cooled because
the solubility of CO2 in water is greater at lower temperatures and extra pressure
is applied to force more CO2 into the solution. In practice, the entire flavored
drink may be carbonated or only the water may be carbonated for subsequent
mixing with the flavored syrup (69). Both treatments lead to similar results and
the second technique is shown in Figure 4. Carbon dioxide in soft drinks acts as
an important preservative against microbial spoilage (76). All deliveries of carbon
dioxide should be odorless and a quantity of carbonated water should be prepared
for sensory evaluation.
Mixing (CCP6)
To ensure the mixing organoleptic quality of the final product, the correct
proportion of syrup and water, the flavor and appearance, the volume of carbon
The bottling syrup contains all the ingredients of the finished product except
in the case of carbonated drinks the carbon dioxide and most of the water. Sugar
in the form of syrup is the first ingredient to be added to the mixing tank; the
amount added is controlled by means of a metering pump. If the sugar is delivered
in granulated form, there is the additional step of dissolving the sugar and producing
a syrup. Fruit juices should be kept in a separate tank prior to their addition to
the mixing tank. The addition of the other ingredients (CCP2) should be conducted
according to the suppliers’ specifications, taking into account their behavior in
the presence of the other ingredients already added to the batch and the maximum
limits set by the aforementioned Directives. Because of the synthetic additives
potential toxicity, accurate and reliable methods are required for their determination
in order to ensure food safety. Many analytical techniques have been employed
for the simultaneous determination of various food additives such as capillary
electrophoresis (CA) (81,82), high-performance ion chromatography (HPIC)
(83), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEC) (84), and cyclodextrin modified
electrophoresis (85). Once the bottling syrup is prepared, it may be necessary
to filter (CCP3) or pasteurize it before pumping it down to storage tanks (CCP4)
or directly to the filling line (68). Each batch of bottling syrup should undergo
thorough quality control tests before being released. The bare minimum consists
of a taste test, making up the syrup as in the finished product, measurement of
the Brix, and detection of yeasts (14).
Carbonation (CCP5)
Most beverages are carbonated in a range of 1.5–4 volumes. This is carried
out with carbonators of various designs where carbonation is speeded by providing
intimate contact between the liquid and the CO2 gas. The liquid is cooled because
the solubility of CO2 in water is greater at lower temperatures and extra pressure
is applied to force more CO2 into the solution. In practice, the entire flavored
drink may be carbonated or only the water may be carbonated for subsequent
mixing with the flavored syrup (69). Both treatments lead to similar results and
the second technique is shown in Figure 4. Carbon dioxide in soft drinks acts as
an important preservative against microbial spoilage (76). All deliveries of carbon
dioxide should be odorless and a quantity of carbonated water should be prepared
for sensory evaluation.
Mixing (CCP6)
To ensure the mixing organoleptic quality of the final product, the correct
proportion of syrup and water, the flavor and appearance, the volume of carbon
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