Teachers’ Beliefs and Perceptions of STEM Integration
and Classroom Practices
In these three teachers’ cases, their perceptions of STEM
integration strongly influenced how they designed their
STEM integration unit. These included perceptions about
10 H.H. Wang, T.J. Moore, G.H. Roehrig, M.S. Park / Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Researchthe foci of STEM integration, perceptions regarding the
processes of how to teach a STEM integration unit, and
beliefs about how STEM integration can improve their
students’ learning. It is interesting to note that the three
teachers, who teach different subjects, have differing
perceptions about STEM integration, and this led to different emphases in their STEM lesson units. For example,
Kathy thinks problem solving is a main piece in STEM
integration. Therefore, her STEM lesson unit is built
around problem solving processes. Nate thinks one of the
major benefits to integrate STEM in mathematics is real
world context. Therefore, he teaches his unit by asking
students to solve a problem that is set up in a real world
context. Nate is the only teacher who is concerned that
STEM integration does not help him address content
standards. He felt in STEM integration, mathematics is a
tool that can help to solve a STEM problem. Therefore, it
was hard for him to apply STEM integration without
cooperating with teachers in other STEM disciplines. This
means his view and practice are highly aligned with the
multidisciplinary view of STEM integration (Beane, 1997;
Bellack & Kliebard, 1971; Lederman & Niess, 1997).
Consequently, he helps Kathy by teaching the explicit
mathematics concepts for her unit. As for Amy, the
engineering teacher, she believes that her students benefit
from STEM integration through many aspects, such as
thinking more independently and working as a team.
Therefore, her unit design and classroom practices provide
students an environment that simulates a real engineering
design project. The beliefs and practices of both Amy and
Kathy demonstrate that they have an interdisciplinary view
of STEM integration (Drake, 1991, 1998; Jacobs, 1989;
Lederman & Niess, 1997).
Teachers’ Beliefs and Perceptions of STEM Integrationand Classroom PracticesIn these three teachers’ cases, their perceptions of STEMintegration strongly influenced how they designed theirSTEM integration unit. These included perceptions about10 H.H. Wang, T.J. Moore, G.H. Roehrig, M.S. Park / Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Researchthe foci of STEM integration, perceptions regarding theprocesses of how to teach a STEM integration unit, andbeliefs about how STEM integration can improve theirstudents’ learning. It is interesting to note that the threeteachers, who teach different subjects, have differingperceptions about STEM integration, and this led to different emphases in their STEM lesson units. For example,Kathy thinks problem solving is a main piece in STEMintegration. Therefore, her STEM lesson unit is builtaround problem solving processes. Nate thinks one of themajor benefits to integrate STEM in mathematics is realworld context. Therefore, he teaches his unit by askingstudents to solve a problem that is set up in a real worldcontext. Nate is the only teacher who is concerned thatSTEM integration does not help him address contentstandards. He felt in STEM integration, mathematics is atool that can help to solve a STEM problem. Therefore, itwas hard for him to apply STEM integration withoutcooperating with teachers in other STEM disciplines. Thismeans his view and practice are highly aligned with theดูสหสาขาวิชาชีพของก้าน (Beane, 1997Bellack & Kliebard, 1971 Lederman & Niess, 1997)ดังนั้น เขาช่วยเคธี โดยการสอนชัดเจนแนวคิดคณิตศาสตร์สำหรับหน่วยของเธอ สำหรับเอมี่ การวิศวกรรมครู เธอเชื่อว่า เขาได้ประโยชน์จากก้านรวมถึงด้านหลาย เช่นคิดได้อย่างอิสระมากขึ้น และทำงานเป็นทีมดังนั้น เธอหน่วยการออกแบบและห้องเรียนปฏิบัติให้นักเรียน มีสภาพแวดล้อมที่จำลองวิศวกรรมจริงโครงการออกแบบ ความเชื่อและหลักปฏิบัติของเอมี่ทั้งสอง และเคธีแสดงให้เห็นว่า พวกเขามีมุมมองสหวิทยาการของลำต้น (เป็ด 1991, 1998 Jacobs, 1989Lederman & Niess, 1997)
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