In response to body image change, self-protective coping strategies are also developed. Children and adolescents who experience life-threatening cancer come to face body image change positively, and hold a determined attitude toward future life. This review identified that, in addition to facing the physical discomfort accompanied by treatment, children and adolescents with cancer also need to pay close attention to the impact and influence of change in body image on the physical, mental, and social aspects of their health.Appropriate care and support for children and adolescents with cancer require that their individual experiences of and feelings about body image change must be respected. Research tools concerning social support and guidance can be further developed in the future to increase the confidence and capacity of children and adolescents with cancer to face body image change and reduce psychological stress.