in ponds (35 m2; 35,000 L) at 300 animals/m2, and the seawater (32 ±
1 ppt) was maintained at a temperature of 27 ± 1 °C, a pH of 8 ± 0.2 and a dissolved oxygen level of 5.64 ± 0.67 mg/L. The feed was com-
posed of a commercial diet (Camaronina CR2, Purina® — 40% crude protein, Brazil) offered two times daily