A realistic scenario is used in the simulations, which was
obtained from a real map using the OpenStreetMap tool [17].
The scenario is a 1 km2 fragment of Manhattan, USA, with
several blocks and two-way streets so the vehicles can move
in opposite directions. The vehicle densities varied from 100
to 400 vehicles/km2 using three classes of vehicles: cars, buses
and trucks, with proportion of 50% to cars, 25% to buses and
25% to trucks. Furthermore, to generate the vehicles’ routes,
we use a random mobility model, so that for each replication
and density, different routes are generated for each vehicle.