comprehensive search criteria was performed
using a predefined protocol.
Study Selection:Inclusion criteria: adult patients with severe sep-sis or septic shock, reported time to antibiotic administration in
relation to emergency department triage and/or shock recognition, and mortality. Exclusion criteria: immunosuppressed populations, review article, editorial, or nonhuman studies.
Data Extraction:Two reviewers screened abstracts with a third
reviewer arbitrating. The effect of time to antibiotic administration
on mortality was based on current guideline recommendations:
1) administration within 3 hours of emergency department triage
and 2) administration within 1 hour of severe sepsis/septic shock
recognition. Odds ratios were calculated using a random effect
model. The primary outcome was mortality