Second, a majority of the available scholarship remains skeptical that punitive changes to the juvenile justice
system decrease youth crime. Although not specifically aimed at juvenile sanctions, work by Lee and McCrary found
that, in the aggregate, increases in the severity of punishment do not further deter criminal offenders. [FN19] A large
group of scholars have found that subjecting juveniles to adult criminal penalties does little to deter these juveniles
from committing crimes in the future. In 2007, McGowen et al. compiled what may be the most comprehensive evaluation
of the available literature on the effects of changes in the juvenile justice system on juvenile violence. [FN20]
The authors argued that the available scientific evidence inadequately demonstrates that harsh policy changes to the
juvenile justice system will specifically or generally deter young offenders. [FN21] For example, Jeffrey Fagan compared
similarly situated youth offenders in two states-one state that transferred youths to adult courts and one that retained
youths in separate, juvenile courts. [FN22] Fagan found that juveniles who were transferred to adult court
were thirty-nine percent more likely to be rearrested than juveniles retained in juvenile court. [FN23] Other similar
studies have found that juveniles subject to harsh transfer laws were, indeed, more likely to be rearrested than comparable
juveniles not subject to such harsh adult penalties. [FN24] Several other studies have found that harsh alterations
to the juvenile justice system fail to generally deter future youth criminals
Second, a majority of the available scholarship remains skeptical that punitive changes to the juvenile justice
system decrease youth crime. Although not specifically aimed at juvenile sanctions, work by Lee and McCrary found
that, in the aggregate, increases in the severity of punishment do not further deter criminal offenders. [FN19] A large
group of scholars have found that subjecting juveniles to adult criminal penalties does little to deter these juveniles
from committing crimes in the future. In 2007, McGowen et al. compiled what may be the most comprehensive evaluation
of the available literature on the effects of changes in the juvenile justice system on juvenile violence. [FN20]
The authors argued that the available scientific evidence inadequately demonstrates that harsh policy changes to the
juvenile justice system will specifically or generally deter young offenders. [FN21] For example, Jeffrey Fagan compared
similarly situated youth offenders in two states-one state that transferred youths to adult courts and one that retained
youths in separate, juvenile courts. [FN22] Fagan found that juveniles who were transferred to adult court
were thirty-nine percent more likely to be rearrested than juveniles retained in juvenile court. [FN23] Other similar
studies have found that juveniles subject to harsh transfer laws were, indeed, more likely to be rearrested than comparable
juveniles not subject to such harsh adult penalties. [FN24] Several other studies have found that harsh alterations
to the juvenile justice system fail to generally deter future youth criminals
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..

Second, a majority of the available scholarship remains skeptical that punitive changes to the juvenile justice
system decrease youth crime. Although not specifically aimed at juvenile sanctions, work by Lee and McCrary found
that, in the aggregate, increases in the severity of punishment do not further deter criminal offenders. [FN19] A large
group of scholars have found that subjecting juveniles to adult criminal penalties does little to deter these juveniles
from committing crimes in the future. In 2007, McGowen et al. compiled what may be the most comprehensive evaluation
of the available literature on the effects of changes in the juvenile justice system on juvenile violence. [FN20]
The authors argued that the available scientific evidence inadequately demonstrates that harsh policy changes to the
juvenile justice system will specifically or generally deter young offenders. [FN21] For example, Jeffrey Fagan compared
similarly situated youth offenders in two states-one state that transferred youths to adult courts and one that retained
youths in separate, juvenile courts.[ fn22 ] ฟาแกน พบว่า เยาวชนที่ถูกศาลผู้ใหญ่
เป็น 39 เปอร์เซ็นต์ มีแนวโน้มที่จะถูกจับอีกครั้ง กว่าและเก็บไว้ในศาลเยาวชน [ fn23 ] อื่น ๆที่คล้ายกัน
การศึกษาได้พบว่า เยาวชนภายใต้กฎหมายการถ่ายโอนที่รุนแรง คือ จริงๆ น่าจะจับอีกครั้ง กว่าเปรียบ
เยาวชนไม่ต้องแรงขนาดนั้น ผู้ใหญ่ลงโทษ[ fn24 ] หลาย ๆการศึกษาได้พบว่า การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่รุนแรง
กับระบบงานยุติธรรมเด็กและเยาวชนไม่ยับยั้งอาชญากรโดยทั่วไปเยาวชนในอนาคต
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
