The Mobile Phone Problem Usage Scale, the SelfMonitoring
Scale, the Martin-Larsen Approval Motivation
Scale, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale were employed in this
study.
Mobile Phone Problem Usage Scale. The Mobile Phone
Problem Usage Scale was devised and validated as a reliable
self-report by Phillips and Bianchi.3 This scale contains 27
items that cover tolerance, escape from other problems,
withdrawal, craving, and negative life consequences in the
areas of social, familial, work, and financial difficulties.