Artificial Neural Networks are relatively crude
electronic models based on the neural structure of brains.
Basically, the brain learns from experiences. It is natural
proof that some problems are beyond the scope of current
computers abilities and indeed solvable by small energy
efficient packages. The brain modeling also promises a less
technical way to develop machine solutions. This is a new
modeling approach of computing and also provides a more
graceful degradation during system overload than its more
traditional counterparts.
The fundamental processing element of a neural
network is a neuron. This building block of human
awareness encompasses a few general capabilities.
Basically, a biological neuron receives inputs from other
sources, combines them in some ways, performs a generally
nonlinear operation on the result, and then outputs the final
result. Figure 2 shows the relationship of these four parts.
As shown in Figure 2, a human brain, there are many
variations on this basic type of neuron, further complicating
man's attempts at electrically replicating the process of
thinking. All of the natural neurons have the same four
basic components. These components can be known by the
biological names - dendrites, soma, axon, and synapses.
Dendrites are hair-like extensions of the soma, which act
like input channels. These input channels receive their input
through the synapses of other neurons. The soma then
processes these incoming signals over time. The soma turns
that processed value into an output which is sent out to
other neurons through the axon and the synapse.
Figure 2 A simple human neuron [1].
Recent experimental data has provided further evidence
that biological neurons are structurally more complex than
the simplistic explanation above. They are significantly
more complex than the existing artificial neurons that are
built into artificial neural networks. As biology provides a
better understanding of neurons, and as technology
advances, network designers can continue to improve their
systems by building upon man's understanding of the
biological brain