Conclusions: Based on this experiment, it could be
concluded that supplementation of malate with yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in concentrate containing
high level of cassava chip maintained could improved
ruminal fermentation efficiency, increasing propionate
production and decreased acetate to propionate ratio.
Moreover, high level of cassava chip in diet resulted
increase populations of bacteria, but decreased
protozoal populations. These results suggest that the
combined use of concentrates containing high level of
cassava chip at 70% DM with malate at 1,000 g and
yeast at 2,000 g in concentrate could highest improved
rumen ecology in dairy heifers.