3. Results and discussion
3.1. Expressible water
The expressible water of fresh mackerel muscle was 26.6 2.4%
before cooking and 34.6 3.5% after cooking. This parameter is
related to the fish meat water holding capacity and affects product
juiciness perceived by consumers. Therefore, fish processing should
have no more than a minimum effect on this parameter to retain an
acceptable product sensory quality. After frozen storage for 3
months, expressible water for Atlantic mackerel muscle with no
HPP treatment increased to 38.2% and 48.3% in raw and cooked
muscle, respectively. HPP treatments yielded expressible water
values higher than those for fresh mackerel muscle for any frozen time considered (Table 1). However, values for some HPP-treated
samples were lower than those for frozen controls with no HPP
treatment. Since the three independent variables (pressure level,
holding time and frozen time) showed an effect on the expressible
water of raw samples, a multifactor ANOVA was carried out to
assess their relative influence yielding a significant model
(p < 0.0001). The evaluation of the F-values of the three variables
confirmed that expressible water was highly affected by the pressure
level although an important effect of frozen storage could also
be concluded. The correlation coefficient r2of the model was 0.78.
The prediction of the model obtained for the effect of the two
variables that exerted a higher influence on expressible water
(pressure level and frozen storage time) is shown in Fig. 1. The
employment of HPP as a pre-treatment to freezing and frozen
storage can lead to a significant expressible water increase if high
levels of pressure are selected. However, HPP at 150 MPa yielded
expressible water values lower than 40% reflecting a water holding
capacity sufficient for a desirable juiciness and thus an improved
frozen muscle quality. An expressible water of 38.7% was considered
optimal for low-salt restructured fish products from Atlantic
mackerel (Martelo-Vidal et al., 2012). The effect of HPP pretreatment
and frozen storage on expressible water of cooked
fishes was evaluated by multifactor ANOVA. Although an F-value of
6.17 implied that the model was significant, the correlation coefficient
r2 was very low (0.37).
3. Results and discussion3.1. Expressible waterThe expressible water of fresh mackerel muscle was 26.6 2.4%before cooking and 34.6 3.5% after cooking. This parameter isrelated to the fish meat water holding capacity and affects productjuiciness perceived by consumers. Therefore, fish processing shouldhave no more than a minimum effect on this parameter to retain anacceptable product sensory quality. After frozen storage for 3months, expressible water for Atlantic mackerel muscle with noHPP treatment increased to 38.2% and 48.3% in raw and cookedmuscle, respectively. HPP treatments yielded expressible watervalues higher than those for fresh mackerel muscle for any frozen time considered (Table 1). However, values for some HPP-treatedsamples were lower than those for frozen controls with no HPPtreatment. Since the three independent variables (pressure level,holding time and frozen time) showed an effect on the expressiblewater of raw samples, a multifactor ANOVA was carried out toassess their relative influence yielding a significant model(p < 0.0001). The evaluation of the F-values of the three variablesconfirmed that expressible water was highly affected by the pressurelevel although an important effect of frozen storage could alsobe concluded. The correlation coefficient r2of the model was 0.78.The prediction of the model obtained for the effect of the twovariables that exerted a higher influence on expressible water(ความดันระดับ และแช่แข็งเก็บเวลา) จะปรากฏใน Fig. 1 ที่จ้างงาน HPP ให้การรักษาก่อนตรึง และแช่แข็งเก็บสามารถนำไปสู่การเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ expressible น้ำสูงมีเลือกระดับของความดัน อย่างไรก็ตาม HPP 150 แรงเต็มต่ำกว่า 40% สะท้อนถือน้ำค่าน้ำ expressibleกำลังการผลิตเพียงพอสำหรับ juiciness ปรารถนาและทำการปรับปรุงคุณภาพกล้ามเนื้อแช่แข็ง ถือเป็นน้ำ expressible 38.7%เหมาะสมสำหรับผลิตภัณฑ์ปลา restructured เกลือต่ำจากแอตแลนติกปลาแมกเคอเรล (Vidal Martelo et al., 2012) ผลของการ HPP pretreatmentอาหารแช่แข็งเก็บน้ำ expressible ของปลาถูกประเมิน โดยการวิเคราะห์ความแปรปรวน multifactor แม้ว่าค่า F ที่ของ6.17 นัยว่า แบบจำลองสำคัญ สัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์r2 มีต่ำมาก (0.37)
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