Section 3rd
Observation part
Vocabulary
Liu and Jackson (2008) observed that lack of vocabulary was regarded as a main hindrance for spoken
communication by English learners. In the present study, inadequate vocabulary was also reported as a prevalent
concern among the students although they are exposed to range of words and phrases at this stage. But when it
comes to speaking, these words and phrases never come to their mind, so the expression they deliver intended
meaning precisely. This also contributed directly to a lack of fluency in their speech.
Interference of mother tongue or Urdu language
The problem noticed was that the students tend to translate a word directly from Kashmiri/Urdu to English.
Because learners find it easier or more natural to express themselves in their native language.