INTRODUCTION
One of our goals for this integrative review
is to examine the ways in which the field of
leadership is evolving and the consequences
of its evolutionary path for the models, methods,
and populations examined. For example,
at the outset of the field of leadership, the primary
focus was on studying an individual leader,
who was most likely a male working in some
large private-sector organization in the United
States. Today, the field of leadership focuses not
only on the leader, but also on followers, peers,
supervisors, work setting/context, and culture,
including a much broader array of individuals
representing the entire spectrum of diversity,
public, private, and not-for-profit organizations,
and increasingly over the past 20 years,
samples of populations from nations around the
globe. Leadership is no longer simply described
as an individual characteristic or difference, but