Human ecology
The description of models starts with a holistic
framework of human ecology (Lawrence, 2001), a
model in which anthropological, biological, epidemi-
ological, psychological and sociological perspectives
can be combined. The approach combines objective
and subjective approaches: individual actors, social
groups and institutions are attributed a crucial role.
This is an open model, meaning that human ecosys-
tems relate to other ecosystems. The ecological ap-
proach consists of different subsystems, such as the
ecological and economic subsystem.