In all three situations, judgment by prototype and extension neglect can cause
violations of monotonicity. People commonly underestimate the strength of evidence
provided by ‘weak’ results in a large sample, compared to stronger results in
a small sample Tversky and Kahneman, 1971.. They assign a higher probability to
the statement ‘Linda is a bank teller and a feminist’ than to the statement ‘Linda is
a bank teller,’ if the description of Linda resembles the stereotype of a feminist but
not the stereotype of a bank teller Tversky and Kahneman, 1982.. Because the
prototypical moment of an episode of discomfort is strongly influenced by how the
episode ends, adding a period of diminishing pain to an episode makes it less
aversive, in violation of dominance