limits in performance and cannot fully satisfy the increasing
needs of consumer devices. Therefore, rapid development of
new materials with high performance is essential. Nanostructured
materials are becoming increasingly important in
the field and hence have attracted great interest in recent
years. A variety of nanometer size effects have been found in
the materials used in electrochemical energy conversion and
storage devices, which can be divided into two types: i) ‘trivial
size effects’, which rely solely on the increased surface-tovolume
ratio and ii) ‘true size effects’, which also involve
changes of local materials properties. As the coming of ‘nanoionics’[
2] has demonstrated an important position in the field,
similar to that of nanoelectronics in semiconductor physics, its
development may lead to breakthroughs in this field, which
holds the key to new generations of clean-energy devices.
However, it is beyond the scope of this progress report to give
an exhaustive summary of those energy devices that may
benefit now or in the future from the use of nanoparticles;
rather, we shall limit ourselves to the fields of lithium-based
batteries and fuel cells. In particular, we focus on nanostructured
electrode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion
batteries and nanostructured Pt-based electrocatalysts for
direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).
limits in performance and cannot fully satisfy the increasingneeds of consumer devices. Therefore, rapid development ofnew materials with high performance is essential. Nanostructuredmaterials are becoming increasingly important inthe field and hence have attracted great interest in recentyears. A variety of nanometer size effects have been found inthe materials used in electrochemical energy conversion andstorage devices, which can be divided into two types: i) ‘trivialsize effects’, which rely solely on the increased surface-tovolumeratio and ii) ‘true size effects’, which also involvechanges of local materials properties. As the coming of ‘nanoionics’[2] has demonstrated an important position in the field,similar to that of nanoelectronics in semiconductor physics, itsdevelopment may lead to breakthroughs in this field, whichholds the key to new generations of clean-energy devices.However, it is beyond the scope of this progress report to givean exhaustive summary of those energy devices that maybenefit now or in the future from the use of nanoparticles;rather, we shall limit ourselves to the fields of lithium-basedbatteries and fuel cells. In particular, we focus on nanostructuredelectrode materials for rechargeable lithium-ionbatteries and nanostructured Pt-based electrocatalysts fordirect methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).
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