The second branch is theoretical, effectual, prescriptive, and normative. That is, it is concerned with the development of theories of public policies and the outputs and effects of those theories in practice. It focuses on prescribing better ways of making and implementing better policies, regardless of the substantive issues and areas that public policy may address. This is the branch dominated by public administrationists, and we call it the rationalist paradigm of public policy making and implementation. Both paradigms offer several models of policymaking, which we review in the chapter.