In summary, there are many sources of unproductive time in port, and many stakeholders affect the possibility to reach the theoretical minimum waiting time in port. Their incentives, knowledge and available time to work towards this goal may vary. Developing the most effective strategy in a shipping company—that decreases the most unproductive time per effort— seems to be a complex endeavour. Further, what has been labelled ‘‘waiting time in port’’ in this study may not always be unproductive from the viewpoint of the ship crew, who may use the waiting time for other types of work, such as maintenance or rest. Finally, regardless of the potential for increased efficiency in port, there is always a trade-off for the shipping company between decreased fuel costs by going slower and increased earnings by going faster, i.e., to take additional contracts and carry more cargo over time.