Many of us are like kids when it comes to squirreling away for retirement. Our more short-term money needs -- like that new car we've been eyeing -- tend to take precedence over long-term saving, causing us to miss out on the benefits of compound growth.
The secret to success comes down to self-control, which is the subject of "The Marshmallow Test: Mastering Self-Control," a new book by Columbia University psychologist Walter Mischel.
Mischel was the lead scientist behind the iconic "marshmallow test," a series of psychological studies from the 1960s that explored how well the promise of future rewards could motivate preschoolers to control themselves. In a nutshell, Mischel placed marshmallows in front of preschoolers, who were told they could enjoy the treats immediately. But if they waited 15 minutes before indulging, they'd be rewarded with two bonus marshmallows. In the end, up to 70 percent of the children couldn't help but gobble up the marshmallow immediately.
Fast-forward a few decades: the researchers followed up with the participants and found that the kids who were able to delay gratification were generally more successful, earned higher SAT scores and maintained healthier body-mass indexes.
The test became a classic tale of the real-world value of self-control-a concept that Mischel says can be applied to various areas of your life, including retirement. Three money pros share their insights on how to apply four crucial lessons from the experiment to your long-term nest-egg savings strategy.
Lesson 1: Visualize Yourself Reaping Future Rewards
One of the key reasons why so many of the kids in Mischel's study ate the marshmallow quickly is because they didn't feel a connection to their future selves-the one eating twice the number of marshmallows. And this doesn't appear to be something we outgrow.
One Stanford University study measured the brain activity of adults after asking them to think about their present self, a total stranger and themselves 10 years into the future. After comparing the scans, the researchers found that the most similar brain activity happened when someone was thinking about the stranger and future self.
Translation: The participants thought of their future selves as, essentially, someone they didn't know-which also goes to show how it's possible to dissociate ourselves from our retired lives.
"Retirement is a very abstract idea that doesn't resonate with the emotional parts of the brain that actually motivate us to action," explains Brad Klontz, a certified financial planner and clinical psychologist.
The Retirement Takeaway
According to Mischel, the children in the study who had the self-control to wait were able to do so because they formed a mental image of their future selves enjoying more marshmallows.
A similar mind trick can work for grown-ups too. A 2011 study revealed that when undergrads were shown avatars of what they'd look like at retirement age, they decided to devote 30 percent more of their paychecks to their 401(k)s than those shown current images of themselves. Seeing their grayer, wrinklier selves cued the students to think as if retirement was just around the corner, compelling them to act accordingly.
You can do the same through creative visualization. "To keep people focused on the future, it helps to have an image of what your retirement will really look like," says Scott Bishop, director of financial planning at STA Wealth Management. "Saving 10 percent of your salary in a 401(k) isn't visual. But being able to take two vacations a year, own a lake house and spend $5,000 per month in today's dollars is."
Klontz agrees. "The more vivid and specific you can make the images, the more motivated you will be to achieve your goal," he says. And if you're not sure where to start, begin by asking yourself questions like: Where am I living? What am I doing? Who am I with? Am I traveling the world? Hanging out at a family vacation home?
Once you've fleshed out this image, stay focused on what you'd like to achieve by revisiting it frequently, Klontz recommends. "Try placing it on a picture board you keep in your office and see each day," he suggests. "Or meditate on those images and feelings of your ideal retirement."
Lesson 2: Steer Clear of Temptation
In the study, even the preschoolers knew that "out of sight, out of mind" was the path of least resistance to exercising self-control. As the treats sat in front of them on a tray, "the temptation was great, and it was hellish for the kids to wait," Mischel writes.
But when the researchers placed the marshmallows under the tray, obscuring them from clear view, self-control came more easily. When it comes to retirement, your paycheck is akin to that marshmallow: The easier you have access to your money, the more likely you'll want to spend it to satisfy your more immediate wants.
The simplest way to troubleshoot this temptation? Keep any money earmarked for retirement out of the checking acco