The electron transfer coefficient, diffusion coefficient and charge transfer rate constants involved in the sensing
process using in situ copper oxide modified MIPPy film coated GCE are 0.47, 1.88
10-6 cm2 s-1,
4.7106 L mol-1 s-1, respectively. Furthermore, the designed sensor is highly selective and has been
applied successfully for the analysis of synthetic and real samples of human urine.