recommendation yields policy-relevant knowledge about the benefits and costs of alternatives the future consequences of which have been estimated through forecasting, thus aiding policymakers in the policy adoption phase. Recommendation helps estimate levels of risk and uncertainly, identify externalities and spillovers, specify criteria for making choices, and assign administrative responsibility for implementing policies. For example, recommendations to change speed laws (national maximum speed limit) have focused on the costs per fatality averted under the 55 mph and 65 mph options. One recommendation, based on the conclusion that the 55 mph speed limit will continue to account for no more than 2 to 3 percent of fatalities averted, proposes the expenditure of existing funds on smoke detectors and other preventive health and safety measures. By 1990 some 40 states had abandoned the 55 mph speed limit.