Current UHF RFID readers have become embedded and smaller – at the size of a compact flash card, while
their functionality has been expanded from reading a unique ID, to remotely determine the temperature of a
product, the direction of travel and velocity, impact and storage conditions and even actuate switches connected
to the tag [31]. Recently, innovative passive UHF RFID tags are used for item-level tagging in retail to optimize
business performance [32].