Use of molecular techniques in microbial ecology was
first reported by Giovannoni et al. (1990), when they directly
amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA gene from Sargasso
Sea bacterioplankton. Since then, these have been widely
and preferentially applied to study microbial communities
from different sources including rumen microbial communities
(Chaudhary and Sirohi 2009; Kumar et al. 2011;
Dagar et al. 2011; Chaudhary et al. 2012). However,
culture-based methods are still indispensable for obtaining
the pure isolates of novel microbes and preservation of
reference strains for future usage.