levels of exposure control to protect workers’ health.
An effective occupational safety and health (OSH)
program for nanomaterials (or hazardous materials
generally) integrates the components of basic
research, guidance development, and workplace
actions (Fig. 1). This integrated scheme can also be
viewed as a research-to-practice approach (www.
cdc.gov/niosh/r2p/). The current state-of-the-science
for nanomaterials with respect to OSH consists of
a still-limited but increasing toxicological data base