1962). The first commercially produced biosensor
Springs Instruments (Yellow Springs, OH, USA)
placed on the market in 1975. This device was
applied to the fast glucose assay in blood samples
from diabetics. At present, there are many proposed
and already commercialized devices based on the
biosensor principle including those for pathogens
and toxins, some even based on a multi-channel
configuration (Pohanka et al. 2007a, b).
The most typical part of electrochemical
biosensors is the presence of a suitable enzyme in
the biorecognition layer providing electroactive
substances for detection by the physico-chemical
transducer providing the measurable signal. A
native enzyme can be used as the biorecognition
component; in this case the analyte is equal to the
enzyme substrate; alternatively it may function as
its inhibitor. In addition, enzymes can be used as