Recently, the detection of PPi has become an important issue in
cancer research [6]. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a
selective and sensitive assay for the detection of PPi to measure
the concentration of phosphate-containing metabolites in biological
samples. Although several methods such as chromatography
[7], bioluminescence assay, [8] electrochemical [9] and fluorescent
biosensors [10] have been proposed for the detection of PPi and
ATP, these methods exhibit some disadvantages. Chromatography
is restricted by the difficult separation of the complex from the
sample matrix. Low specificity and sensitivity are always a challenge
in electrochemical sensors. Recently, many reports have proposed
suitable molecules as sensing probes for ATP [11–13] and
PPi [14–16]. However, these methods typically suffer from several
limitations, such as low signal intensities, high photobleaching and
low solubility of the sensing probe in aqueous solutions. Thus, the
development of a new selective fluorescence probe for the detection
of both PPi and ATP is of tremendous interest and importance
to analytical chemists.
Nanocrystalline quantum dots (QDs) are a new class of modern
fluorophore, and they provide many interesting approaches to the
development of fluorescence sensors. QDs have unique optical and
electronic properties distinct from the bulk material, such as a sizedependent
bandgap energy, broad excitation spectra, narrow symmetric
and tunable emission spectra [17]. Furthermore, QDs exhibit
better optical characteristics than the classical organic
fluorophores, including large fluorescence quantum yields, high
photobleaching thresholds, and excellent photostability [17,18].
Recently, the detection of PPi has become an important issue in
cancer research [6]. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a
selective and sensitive assay for the detection of PPi to measure
the concentration of phosphate-containing metabolites in biological
samples. Although several methods such as chromatography
[7], bioluminescence assay, [8] electrochemical [9] and fluorescent
biosensors [10] have been proposed for the detection of PPi and
ATP, these methods exhibit some disadvantages. Chromatography
is restricted by the difficult separation of the complex from the
sample matrix. Low specificity and sensitivity are always a challenge
in electrochemical sensors. Recently, many reports have proposed
suitable molecules as sensing probes for ATP [11–13] and
PPi [14–16]. However, these methods typically suffer from several
limitations, such as low signal intensities, high photobleaching and
low solubility of the sensing probe in aqueous solutions. Thus, the
development of a new selective fluorescence probe for the detection
of both PPi and ATP is of tremendous interest and importance
to analytical chemists.
Nanocrystalline quantum dots (QDs) are a new class of modern
fluorophore, and they provide many interesting approaches to the
development of fluorescence sensors. QDs have unique optical and
electronic properties distinct from the bulk material, such as a sizedependent
bandgap energy, broad excitation spectra, narrow symmetric
and tunable emission spectra [17]. Furthermore, QDs exhibit
better optical characteristics than the classical organic
fluorophores, including large fluorescence quantum yields, high
photobleaching thresholds, and excellent photostability [17,18].
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